What does the term biodiversity refer to?

Biodiversity encompasses the variety of life forms present in a particular ecosystem or across the entire planet. This concept includes not only the number of different species but also the variety of ecosystems, the genetic diversity within those species, and the ecological processes that sustain these systems. Biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem resilience, providing numerous benefits such as food, medicine, and ecosystem services like pollination and climate regulation. Understanding biodiversity helps in the conservation efforts and in maintaining the balance of Earth's ecosystems.

While the number of species in a specific area, genetic variation within a species, and the distribution of organisms across different habitats are important components of biodiversity, they do not fully capture its broader, holistic definition. Biodiversity emphasizes the interconnectedness and richness of life in various forms, making option B the most comprehensive choice.