What is the primary purpose of the xylem in vascular plants?

The primary purpose of xylem in vascular plants is to transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. This function is essential for the plant's survival, as it allows for the movement of nutrients and hydration needed for photosynthesis and other metabolic processes that take place in the leaves. The xylem is equipped with specialized cells, such as tracheids and vessel elements, which facilitate this upward movement of water through capillary action and evaporation, particularly during the process of transpiration.

While transporting sugars and nutrients is a key function of phloem, not xylem, energy storage occurs primarily in other structures like roots and tubers, rather than directly within the xylem. Xylem does contribute to structural support through its lignified walls, but this is a secondary role compared to its main purpose of water and mineral transport.