Which nutrient is essential for plant cell division and root development?

The correct answer is phosphorus because it plays a crucial role in several key processes within the plant, particularly in energy transfer and the synthesis of nucleic acids. Phosphorus is a vital component of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency of the cell. This means that adequate phosphorus availability directly influences the energy required for cellular processes, including cell division.

In terms of root development, phosphorus is important for stimulating root growth and the formation of root hairs, enhancing the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. This nutrient supports the overall dynamic growth of the plant, allowing it to establish a robust root system that can effectively anchor the plant and access vital resources.

While calcium is critical for maintaining cell wall structure and integrity, as well as for cellular signaling, it does not directly contribute to the energy transfer processes that are essential for cell division. Nitrogen is primarily responsible for vegetative growth and plays a major role in building amino acids and proteins, while magnesium is key in chlorophyll production and photosynthesis but does not have the same direct impact on root development and cell division as phosphorus does.