What adaptation helps some plants survive in arid environments?

The adaptation that helps some plants survive in arid environments is deep root systems. In regions characterized by limited water availability, deep root systems enable plants to access moisture found deeper underground. This allows them to thrive in conditions where surface water is scarce, as many of their competitors may not reach these water sources.

In contrast, broad leaf structures can lead to excessive water loss through transpiration, which is detrimental in arid environments. High rates of transpiration result in losing water more quickly than the plant can replenish it, making it unsuitable for dry habitats. Shorter growth cycles could potentially be an advantage in some arid ecosystems, but they do not specifically address the challenge of water availability in the same way deep roots do. Thus, deep root systems are a critical adaptation that provides a sustainable means of water access and contributes to the overall survival of plants in arid conditions.