What is an adaptation in the context of evolution?

An adaptation in the context of evolution refers to a trait that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. This trait can be structural, behavioral, or physiological and arises through the process of natural selection. Over time, individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and pass those traits to their offspring, leading to a population better suited to its environment.

While changes in behavior can be adaptations, not all changes in behavior are adaptations, as they may not necessarily improve survival or reproductive success. Environmental pollution can impact populations but is not considered an adaptation itself; rather, it is an external factor that can affect survival. Random mutations can lead to variations within a species, but adaptation specifically involves the survival benefits of particular traits that emerge from those variations over time.