What is the main function of the phloem in vascular plants?

The phloem is primarily responsible for the transport of nutrients and sugars, particularly the organic compounds produced during photosynthesis, such as sucrose. These sugars are crucial for the plant's metabolism and growth, as they serve as energy sources for various cellular processes and play a key role in the development of plant tissues. The phloem transports these substances from the leaves, where photosynthesis occurs, to other parts of the plant, including roots, stems, and any developing fruits or flowers.

This transport process is vital for distributing the energy necessary for growth and development throughout the plant. It also helps in the movement of other nutrients, such as amino acids and hormones, which are important for overall plant health and regulation. Understanding this function is critical for grasping how vascular plants maintain their energy balance and transport essential compounds to sustain life processes.