What is the primary disadvantage of asexual reproduction in plants?

The primary disadvantage of asexual reproduction in plants is reduced genetic diversity. Asexual reproduction involves the production of offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant. This means that all the offspring share the same genetic makeup, which can be a significant limitation when it comes to adapting to environmental changes or resisting diseases. In changing environments, populations with low genetic diversity may struggle to survive because they may not have the necessary variations that can allow some individuals to thrive under new conditions.

In contrast, sexual reproduction, which combines genetic material from two parents, often results in greater genetic variation among offspring. This genetic diversity can enhance a population's ability to adapt over time to environmental challenges, leading to a more resilient ecosystem.

The other options do not accurately reflect the core disadvantage of asexual reproduction. Increased energy expenditure is more associated with some forms of sexual reproduction involving gamete formation. Likewise, while faster growth rate and greater resistance to disease can be advantages in certain contexts, they are not inherent characteristics of asexual reproduction and do not address its primary disadvantage of lacking genetic diversity.