What process do plants use to convert sunlight into energy?

Plants utilize photosynthesis to convert sunlight into energy. This vital process occurs primarily in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll—a green pigment—captures sunlight. During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil. In the presence of sunlight, these raw materials are transformed into glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen. The glucose produced serves as an energy source for the plant, supporting growth, reproduction, and other vital functions, while oxygen is released as a byproduct.

Photosynthesis is crucial for life on Earth, as it not only provides energy for plants but also contributes to the oxygen supply for aerobic organisms, including humans. Understanding photosynthesis is fundamental to grasping the energy flow within ecosystems and the role of plants as primary producers.