Which term describes a young female cattle?

A young female cattle is specifically referred to as a heifer. This term is used in the cattle industry to differentiate young females that have not yet given birth from those that have. Heifers typically become cows after they calve, making it an important distinction in livestock management and breeding.

The other terms listed refer to different animals or categories: a steer is a male cattle that has been castrated; a gilt is a young female pig; and a ewe refers to a female sheep. Understanding these specific terms is crucial for anyone studying animal husbandry, as it aids in proper identification and management of different livestock species.